By Vandalismus (also "„Wandalismus "“) one usually understands (blind) destruction rage or destruction desire. Vandalismus is conscious, illegal (and/or standardize-hurting) damage or destruction of strange property as self purpose. It is differentiated between several variants:

• Vandalismus in the sense of stimulating pastime, Wutabreaktion or Imponiergehabe (a swaggering out "„juvenile sense of glad or omittingness "“, Kleinschmidt 1875) without sense, for example throwing in disks, going beyond it, the Demolieren of cars or slitting pad seats in penalties or undergrounds.
• Vandalismus in the aforementioned sense, but narrows art on the range (here sometimes also in the sense of ideology-created "„picture storm "“). Example: use of monuments as target (Sphinx of Gizeh; Rider statue of the Regisole at the cathedral place of Pavia; Leonardo there Vincis rider picture of Ludovico IL Moro in Milan, 1796 among other things);
• Destructive actions of misled due to a Psychopathie or mad a transmission consciousness, for example Herostrat (356 v. Chr.); Destruction hell fall of Rubens in Munich (26 February 1959) or the Jakob gene by rem Brandt in Kassel (7 October 1977); Damage of the of Michelangelo in Rome 21. May 1972.

Origin of the term

The term Vandalismus for blind destruction rage (Duden) decreases/goes back on Henri Baptiste bishop von Blois. In its writing Rapport published in the convention to Paris on 28 August 1794 sur les destructions par le vandalisme prangerte it murders key word-like senseless with this word new creation as well as the destruction of works of art by radical Jakobiner following the French revolution on. It derived Vandalismus thereby from the Vandalen, a Germanic race, which had defeated the westRoman emperor Petronius Maximus in the year 455, into Rome had marched and the city had From this occurence however the term Vandalismus as name for "„fanatisches destroying around its sake "“to deduce, is historical as well as essentially in the long run wrong.

The Vandalen the city Rome for the time at that time very gesittet, extremely purposefully and without blind destruction rage. Pope Leo I insured them in response that it will not give a resistance, thus fighting, conflagrations and rapes was avoided. Only in the descriptions of later historical writers, if necessary also from the church-political purpose to be able to overestimate in response the achievements Pope Leos purposefully cruelties and destruction rage of the Vandalen ever more strongly stressed.

How a little fair becomes word creation the Vandalen, results also from the words bishop Salvanius von Massilia (Marseille), who quasi as a time witness in 5. Jhr. wrote: "„If under Goten or Vandalen rule someone a viceful life leads, then it is Romans. Because the Goten and Vandalen set a so high yardstick by moral purity and Gradlinigkeit that they were breedful not only, but they also the Romans. "“

Of Italian and French human the Goten and Vandalen were denounced nevertheless since the early modern times as proverbial culture destroyers. As counterpart it came to a positive occupation of these Germanic trunks in the German-human bibliography approximately by Beatus Rhenanus: Nostri"… sunt Gothorum Vandalorum Francorumque triumphi (ours are the triumphs of the Gothen, Vandalen and Franconias). These arguments are already quasi protonationale disputes in the earlier modern times. Historical identities served as hangers. The dynamics of the French revolution caused the search for new conceptualnesses. Thus about, constructing in older pictures, the historical Vandalen was taken up 1789 for the negative occupation of the aristocracy than descendants of the Germanic conquerers. The political general term vandalisme served Henri Baptiste for the demarcation of an ideal civil revolution of radical elements, to which additionally the control from the exile was subordinated. It prangerte the destruction from works of art, which the political guidance sought to prevent. First thus directed against radicals in the own rows, designated vandalisme after that 9. Thermidor the fright rule (Terreur) as a whole. Their Proponenten as for instance Robespierre is the new Vandalen. Like the old in 5. Jh. wanted to destroy this the culture of France. The three of Rapports sur le vandalisme, the to the convention submitted, fixed not least because of its high edition the term finally and prepared the soil for his assumption into nearly all European languages.

Anyhow the choice of the Vandalen was conditioned as godfathers of the term v. A. by the Topik of the enormous destruction with their earlier idea in Gallien of 406. Whereupon the French debate of the revolution time in national historical conciousness wanted to know itself related, less to the plundering of Rome of regretted later not to be able to take the term back any longer since it contains an overall reproach and a not reduction durable in this form; it had erroneously assumed that it does not give descendants of the Vandalen, which could feel reviled.

For the characterisation "„blind destruction rage "“today instead of "„Vandalismus "“partially the klanglich similar word new creation is used "„Randalismus "“. In principle would be from today's viewpoint however most appropriate in view of the managing described background to speak nevertheless even of "„Jakobinismus "“.

Demarcation of the term

The term "„"“designation, as, in the broadest sense the conscious, illegal (and/or standardize-hurting) damage or destruction of strange property described Vandalismus above. Among them thus the damage due to wear or the damage does not fall due to inadvertence or carelessness (negligence), it must a conscious will or at least a conscious Inkaufnehmen of a damage be present. The moreover one conscious, but not illegal or not standardize-hurting destroying of articles does not apply than Vandalismus (e.g. A house, scrapping of a car tore off). Beyond that there is behavior also standardize-hurting, which does not work destroying (e.g. uncommon, provoking behaviors) and therefore naturally also into the category Vandalismus does not fall.

A gray area forms the phenomenon Graffiti, which happens frequently illegaly and standardize-hurting, but it is disputed whether it concerns a destructive act (Vandalismus) or a constructional act (art) here with priority. This problem is brought up for discussion partly also in the context of the discussion over the Dekonstruktivismus (architecture): Every time something new is created, something existence is destroyed (a new house on the green meadow destroys the green meadow).

Kulturvandalismus

Kulturvandalismus or negative culture history designates the raw destruction of works of art, because the Vandalen under Geiserich is to have lived to Rome in this way (the Furor Teutonicus so mentioned by Lucan in other connection); further rhetorically kanonisierte fright figures in the sense of the term Vandalismus supply Alarich and its Goten (Gothorum et Vandalorum furor, the rage of the Gothen and Vandalen), to inscription with on the Karl bridge to Prague of 1648), Attila and its Hunnen as well as the Wikinger.

Kulturvandalismus is the "“damage or removal of works of art and monuments in a larger political, ideological or economic context to eliminate or change with the intention or with the consequence of a change of consciousness, i.e. the attempt by force, memory"” (Demandt 1997).

Vandalismus today

or destruction show themselves today no longer generally than so-called Vandalismus. The conservative use of the term is further work powerful nevertheless. The designation has, like the historical derivation of the term and its Demythologisierung points, its reason among other things to possession, property and the questioning or abolition of these two orders. Often the treatment and partial destruction and/or dissolution of articles, for example with Graffiti and Street kind in the public, but above all urban area Vandalismus are called. Likewise the term gets for application as deliberately designated deletions or disturbances of digitally stored textuellen materials, like it in Weblogs as main contents often occurs or with the dekonstruktivistischen manipulation of advertising contents (Adbusting).

Literature

• Alexander Demandt: Vandalismus - force against culture, settler: Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-88680-624-3
• Henri Baptiste Rapport sur les destructions par le Vandalisme (31 August 1794); 2. Rapport"… (29 October 1795); 3. Rapport"… (14 December 1795), in: "Œuvres II, 256-78, 321-57
• J. Guillaume: et le Vandalisme, Paris 1901
• Hanno Helbling: Goten and Wandalen. Transformation of the historical reality, Zurich 1954
• Pierre Michel, Barbarie: Civilisation, Vandalisme, in: R. Schmitt; E.Reichardt (Hg.): Manual of political-social fundamental ideas in France 1680-1820, 8, 1988, 7-51
• G. Sprigath: Sur le vandalisme , in: Ann. hist. de la Fr. 52, 1980, 510-35
• R. Steinacher: Vandalen - rezeptions and science history. In: Hubert Cancik (Hrsg.): The new Pauly. Metzler, Stuttgart 2003, (volume 15/3), P. 942-946, ISBN 3-476-01489-4

See also

• Wandalen, Barbarei, Destruktion, destruction
• Monument fall
• Picture storm, Ikonoklasmus
• Damage
• Courage sample
• Wikipedia: Vandalismus

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