Politics of demanding and promoting

For some years in Germany laws are changed, so that unemployed persons are taken more strongly into the obligation to look for each other a work. This is to happen for two reasons. On the one hand also persons announce themselves unemployed, who do not look for a work for different reasons, but only are interested to receive unemployment benefit so long it them are entitled.

On the other hand unemployed persons lose with the duration of the unemployment vocational and social qualifications, which impair their switching ability, even if at a later time of workers are searched. Therefore unemployed persons are to be placed as rapidly as possible again into a new work. In Germany in the meantime persons must already announce themselves to the work agency, if it admits becomes that they lose their working premises, and not only, if they are unemployed.

Due to high total unemployment this strategy was so far however only limited successful, since on the one hand in particular few were hardly obtainable motivated job seekers and are on the other hand depletion effects to observe. Switchings into the second job market lead to dismissals in first.

Foreigners are to be taken more strongly into the obligation. With the of the subscription period of the unemployment pay the possibilities of the residence solidification, family unification and naturalization are limited. These depend on the fact that the foreigner/the foreigner can deny their living costs without recourse to of public means ("§ 7 exp. 2 No. 2, "§ 13, "§ 17 exp. 2, "§ 24, "§ 27 exp. 2, "§ 85 exp. 1 No. 3 AuslG). Accordingly "§ 46 No. 6 AuslG can be proven, who takes up "for itself, its relatives,"…, to social welfare assistance or take up must. "

The policy demanding and promoting is however strongly disputed. Thus one states, the problems of the qualification purge connected with long-term unemployment were connected with the of the condition of unemployment as such. The unemployed person is obligated on the job market and stands in this connection in the stand-by. Unemployment as pure will decrease usually beyond that increasingly the self value feeling of the unemployed person. In addition also persons from the environment of the unemployed person contribute, as long as they have no own experiences with unemployment, because these persons often believe the propaganda, for which unemployed person would not make sufficient own efforts. If the unemployed person existence was positiviert by introduction of an unconditional basic income, then this meant a release of the connection to the job market for the unemployed person. It would be demanded in its autonomy to consider itself whether it a genuine chance on re-employment has or rather outside of the acquisition work meaningfully worked. That is it at present lasts. It must make itself in the worst case on a endlessly and seeming senseless search for employment. This search for employment is called in at present ever more sharply by it, although the large lack on jobs is obvious and remains extremely vague the prospect on return by full employment, so the criticism.

In particular of Gewerkschaftseite and keynesianischen economists the criticism is expressed that by a too high pressure on unemployed persons to have to accept to each wages a work with the wages uses a downward spiral. This can lead to deflation and to a break-down of the overall economic demand (see Keynesianismus).

Statistic collection of unemployment

Since unemployment is very facet-rich, the statistic collection prepares relatively large problems, especially data from different countries are not so easily comparable. For example it is contentious whether pupils, who wait after graduation for training or a study place count as unemployed or not. In Germany they become, as far as they announce themselves only unemployed, in order to secure for parents of requirements for child benefit, since 2003 no more does not consider in the unemployment ratio. For a standardisation of the definitions the international Labour Organization strives. In Germany unemployment in the international comparison is quite far defined. The unemployment ratio computed according to German definition is always larger than after the international demarcation.

There are discrepancies also, what concerns the computation of the unemployment ratio. In Germany a ratio is still common, with which the number of the unemployed persons is set for the number of the dependently civilian employees (dependently civilian employees) in relation, which represents a false ratio. The relation from unemployed persons is internationally common to employees (more =Arbeitnehmer + independent ones + unemployed persons). The latter represents a genuine ratio and supplies always somewhat lower values.

Which concerns the recording method, then there are in principle two concepts. After first the message is made during the employment administration the basis of the counting. This procedure receives the largest attention in Germany. After second the number of the unemployed persons is raised in an inquiry, a procedure, which e.g. the USA use:

"["…] the US unemployment ratio is not the addition all registered unemployed persons. It is projected as result of a monthly representative questioning of 50,000 households. When unemployed applies, who did not have a paid work during the questioning week and during the past four weeks special efforts undertook to find a new job. As if busily applies, who during the questioning week, as briefly also always, gainfully employed was. Who thus, are only two hours on the day, works, is considered statistically as supplied. ["…]" Ulrike lint (Washington) in FR of 20.1.1998

Since March 2005 the Federal Statistical Office publishes monthly an unemployed person number raised in a telephone inquiry. Contrary to the numbers of the federal agency for work job seekers also not announced are seized here. Therefore the unemployed person number for younger ones, which have often no requirement on unemployment pay, lies mostly more highly than the appropriate number of unemployed. On the other hand applies already than gainfully employed, which works at least one hour in the week, while persons can be considered also then still as unemployed, if they work up to 15 hours per week. On the other hand unemployed persons from the collection in the inquiry, who refer achievements, fall, but no interest in a beginning of work indicate. Particularly due to the restrictive definition (at least one hour of work per week) the unemployed person number lies mostly clearly lower than the number of unemployed.

Both numbers differentiate between the season-settled and the not season-settled number of unemployed. With the season-settled number one tries to out-add seasonal influences like winter unemployment/season unemployment. Therefore the season-settled number of unemployed lies in the winter lower, in the summer more highly than the current number. The reporting in the media concentrates particularly on the season-settled number of unemployed and/or - ratio.

On the other hand the investigation of the statistic federal office does not know the distinction into registered and not registered unemployed persons. Here by a telephone inquiry for the criteria of the international Labour Organization (IAO, English ILO, internationally labour organization) unemployment is asked. For the distinction of the numbers of the federal agency for work of unemployed persons one speaks here. When unemployed in the sense applies for the ILO statistics, who works less than one hour, but more to work wants. The total number of the unemployed persons is projected on the basis a sample. Thus the quiet reserve is seized, however automatically falls out slightly person employed. Just as work-indignant, which announced themselves alone to the purchase of unemployment pay unemployed. The unemployed person number of the statistic federal office is mostly approximately one million under the number of unemployed published by the federal agency for work (unemployed person in January 2005:3,99 millions, unemployed person 5.04 million).

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