An unemployment insurance is a social security with the purpose to secure for unemployed persons during its search for employment an income.

Unemployment insurance systems

Unemployment insurance in Germany

The unemployment insurance belongs in the social security system of the Federal Republic of Germany to the social security. Spreading it is called also branch of insurance of the work promotion. Carrier of the unemployment insurance is the federal agency for work in Nuremberg. Supervision-prominent Ministry is the Federal Ministry for economics and work (BMWA).

Versicherte

Employees (except slightly persons employed) are obligation-insured, training, since February 2006 in addition, resistance and civil service-carrying out. Independent ones, care persons and employees, which are busy outside of the European Union can themselves since February 2006 under certain conditions voluntarily insure.

Rate of contribution

The unemployment insurance feeds itself to same in each case height from contributions of the employees and employers. Them amount to in the year 2006 6.5 % of the gross wage. For the financing of the insurance-strange tasks, which are transferred the federal agency, the federation pays a Federal subsidy in accordance with "§ 363 SGB III. Starting from February 2006 becomes the unemployment pay, which originates from the unemployment insurance (unemployment pay I), maximally 12 months paid (before: 32 months). Exception: Unemployed persons over 55 years receive 18 months unemployment pay I. the so-called unemployment pay II that in the context of the Hartz reforms the old unemployment relief and the social welfare assistance replaced, not from the unemployment insurance are paid, but are taxfinanced.

The contribution assessment limit amounts to 2006 in the old Lands of the Federal Republic 5,250 and in the new Lands of the Federal Republic 4,400 euro. Starting from this gross income height the amount which can be exhausted does not rise any longer. During an income of 6.000 euro accordingly 341.25 euro become due; thus 6.5% of 5.250 euro.

History

In Germany the unemployment insurance replaced 1927 the 1911 in the context of the Reich Insurance Code imported unemployment benefit and with the law over employment agency and unemployment insurance was installed. Only later the last democratically legitimized government Mueller should fall few years over this regulation.

1969 were transferred the unemployment insurance into the law over the work promotion (AfG). Since 1 January 1998 the unemployed person promotion in the third book social legislation (SGB III) is led. The regulation subject (the unemployment insurance) are the provision of work, the unemployment pay officials are exempted from the unemployment insurance (because of their not subject to noticeness) among other things.

Unemployment insurance in Switzerland

The unemployment insurance belongs in the social security system of Switzerland to the social security. For the unemployment insurance the office of the secretary of state for economics is responsible seco and the appropriate kantonalen authorities. The kantonalen authorities arise under different names like "“Kantonales office for industry, trade and work"”, "“office for economics and work"” or "“Kantonales labour office"”.

Independent ones can not be able to be insured against unemployment.

Rate of contribution

The rate of contribution for the unemployment insurance amounts to in the year 2004 2.0% of the gross wage. Employees and employers must 1.0% pay each of the gross wage for the unemployment insurance. The balance cashes settle the collection of the unemployment insurance, together with the contributions for the age and leaving insurance AHV, the invalidity insurance IV as well as the acquisition spare order EO.

Achievements

Unemployed person remuneration

In order achievements from the unemployed person cash to received, must be fulfilled the following conditions:

• The unemployed person must announce itself to the Wohngemeinde or the responsible RAV.
• Minimum loss of 2 working days or income loss exhibit
• Older: 18 to 64 (women), 18 to 65 (men)
• No AHV pensioner
• Within the last 2 years during 12 months contributions paid. I.e. when employees in Switzerland worked or abroad. In Switzerland performed military, civilian and protection service are partly also taken into account.
• Switching-able its
• for a new place strive actively

For numerous cases there are special regulations, with which in this framework cannot be dealt.

80% of the insured AHV requiring wages are paid off as unemployed person remuneration, if one of the following conditions are fulfilled:

• Obligations to pay alimony opposite children
• insured earnings/services are under CHF 3 ' 797/Monat
• Disablement

In all other cases 70% of the insured AHV requiring wages are paid off.

Monthly CHF 7120 becomes maximum (with requirement on 80%) and/or CHF 6230 pays off.

Insolvency remuneration

With inability to pay of the employer the insolvency remuneration covers the loss of wages for already performed work for maximally 3 months. The insolvency remuneration is paid off directly the employee.

Short-time work remuneration

Received from short-time work pays off employers concerned during a certain period a part of the labour costs. Thus notices are to be prevented because of short term and unavoidable losses of working hours. The achievements are paid off to the employer.

Bad weather remuneration

Bad weather remuneration gives it for losses of working hours, which developed because of bad weather. Thus notices are to be prevented. The achievements are paid off to the employer.

RAV

The regional employment agency centers RAV are an important organization within the unemployment insurance. The 121 RAV operate the largest employment agency platform of Switzerland and employ approximately 1 ' 500 cooperating. The RAV advises unemployed persons and supports these with the search for a new job. The RAV organizes also courses for unemployed persons. In addition it is checked whether the unemployed person strives sufficient for a new place.

Employers receive support with the personnel search.

Unemployed person cashes

The unemployed person cashes disburse achievements to unemployed persons. In addition the unemployed person cashes examine whether the employee has requirement on achievements. There are numerous different unemployed person cashes. The unemployed person cashes of the trade unions are carried. The unemployed persons can select freely, by who unemployed person cash the disbursement of the achievements is to be made.

History

• 1884 were created by the Typographenbund the first unemployment benefit cash. In the following years and decades further unemployed person cashes develop. 1951 come into force a law, which permits it to the cantons to be allowed to introduce in its area a mandatory unemployment insurance. In the year 1977 a totalSwiss unemployment insurance was created, which is mandatory for all employees.

Criticism

Critics of the legal unemployment insurance point out that it concerns with it as also with the other social security no insurance in the closer sense. Contrary to a freiwilligen insurance contract forces the legislator everyone dependently persons employed to the deposit and grants achievements only after cash situation and political decision. Thus to 1 January 2005 the payment of an unemployment pay for each contribution payer was limited to one year.

Some economists, as for example Peter Bofinger, justify the difficult financial situation of the social security systems with the missing equivalence from contributions to achievements. Therefore for example the unemployment insurance is loaded by insurance stranger achievements such as re-education and job creation schemes, while the actual task of this insurance should be only the payment of an income replacement in case of unemployment (decrease of the decrease in demand). At the same time lead the constant decrease that liable to social security (thus dependently) persons employed to an aggravation of the financial misery, released by the measures originally thought for work promotion as the slight occupation and i AG.

Hans's H. it tightens Glismann and Klaus Schrader of the Kieler Institut for world economy that the national unemployment insurance does not serve the successful fight of unemployment and the employee not for the receipt of its job motivated.

Related links

• Office of the secretary of state for economics/Switzerland
• Homepage (service portal) of the federal agency for work/Germany
• SGB III

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