The social politics rich of a country

The goal of the social politics is last end the elevation of the general prosperity and the sharing as much as possible humans at the prosperity. Less far going social politics aims at ensuring humans security against the cases of change of the life. Here it concerns to all humans social security, i.e. around it, in each life situation, particularly with entrance from extraordinary events such as illness, accident, unemployment etc., of guaranteeing a "“tidy"” standard of living. In the technical language these extraordinary events social risks are called.

The safety device of naked surviving does not stand in the present (more) in the foreground. It concerns something additional: Social security is to make a "“tidy"” standard of living possible with entrance of social risks. This kind of subsistence level is called social subsistence level. The standard of living usual in a rich country is taken as yardstick for social security.

Social politics aims at the elevation of the general prosperity together with the guarantee line of social security. In the Swiss Federal Constitution this is described in the so-called purpose article of the condition (kind 2 BV). The condition in kind 41 BV with the 1998 again social goals taken up to the condition, which are however not in complainable, becomes somewhat more concrete. Social security is thus the principal purpose, but not the exclusive goal of the social politics.

Typology of the Swiss welfare state

The term social politics is indistinct (similarly as the term of the poverty). With respect to the teachings different welfare state types are differentiated: on the one hand the social security state after Bismarck, on the other hand the supplying state after Beveridge. Pure types do not exist in practice in pure form.

Switzerland can be arranged in the existing welfare state typologies as social security state of the political center. In this mixing system the principle dominates, according to which the insured ones with their contributions essentially apply the means for the compensation of risks. Legal claims guarantee the achievement purchase, without the needyness must be proven. The social welfare assistance substitutes only with gaps in the net of the social security: It works

The Swiss system of social security with its strong stress of the sole responsibility and with different incentive systems considers relatively well to this aspect (in the social health insurances for example the own contributions of the insured ones are nowhere as high as in Switzerland, selfkeep, Franchisen, no remuneration of dentist costs, deep remuneration of care costs etc. - see health service Switzerland). The sole responsibility is expressed in the strongly minted obligation to pay contribution clearly. The sole responsibility besides in principle the high meaning is attached (in such a way a OECD study showed some years ago clearly that the achievements of the social welfare assistance are relatively high in Switzerland, in addition, higher entrance barriers consist than in other countries - obligation to repay of referred achievements of work acquisition, relative support obligation etc.).

Short historical outline

The economic upswing after the Second World War improved the situation in life of far social classes in Switzerland strongly. In addition the mechanisms of social security contributed substantially. The social politics gutters and - politicians were led from two principal purposes, i.e. the safety device of the existence need on the one hand and on the other hand the continuation of the past standard of living - to a certain extent - in case of failure the earned income and with special expenditures because of diseases, disablement and for family loads.

For this for frequent and clearly outlined risks social security was created. The policy followed thereby no Gessamtschau. For the existence safety device at the age 1948 the age and leaving insurance (AHV) and 1960 the invalidity insurance (IV) was introduced. Since the achievements of the AHV and IV were not existence-securing, 1966 the social remuneration system of the auxiliary achievements were introduced to the AHV/IV, which fights age poverty effectively. With the financing of stays in age and nursing homes the auxiliary achievements took over the function of a home nursing care insurance to the AHV (see social remuneration right, nursing care insurance).

Present/perspectives

Despite the obvious development of social security poverty and emergency did not disappear also in rich Switzerland - as in the remaining modern industrial nations -. The duplication of the social welfare assistance costses in the last decade 20. Century is a clear indication for the degradation of the social situation of many humans. The science speaks 21 of a poverty ratio in Switzerland at the beginning. Century of 5 10% of the population: The largest sources of cause for depletion is the unemployment (unemployment or inability to work). Scarcely 30% of unemployed humans must be called poor. Divorced women (with or without children) as well as alone-educating parents are similarly strongly concerned (20% of the whole group). Child wealth (three and more children) increase the poverty risk above average (poverty ratio of approximately 15%). Only if the household size is regarded, - unconsidered of civil status - unmarried men are more strongly poverty-endangered with well 16% than unmarried women with scarcely 12%.

For a relatively small, however increasing part of the population the developed system of social security sufficient social security in the present and for the very near future (more) does not offer. The precaution systems (vocational precaution, accident insurance - see SUVA) and partly also the systems of the people insurance (AHV/IV) tie usually to so-called precaution history. Social security is ensured only that one, which installation-paid with its contributions from the obtained earned income into the respective system. Humans without regular income or also to small income (Working Poor), humans with interruptions in the Einkommensbiographie (often are this women) are increasingly reduced in their precaution ability.

Overview to the Federals law (BG) of the individual social security (legal bases)

• Age, leaving and invalid precaution
  • BG over the age and leaving insurance from 20 December 1946 (AHVG)
  • BG over the invalidity insurance from 19 July 1959 (IVG)
  • BG over auxiliary achievements for the age, leaving and invalidity insurance of 19. March 1965 (ELG)
  • BG over the vocational age, leaving and invalid precaution from 25 June 1982 (Federal Constitutional Court)
  • BG over the liberality in the vocational age, leaving and invalid precaution from 17 December 1993 (FZG)
• Health insurance
  • BG over the health insurance of 18. March 1994 (KVG)
• Accident insurance
  • BG over the accident insurance of 20. March 1981 (UVG)
• Military insurance and acquisition spare order
  • BG over the military insurance from 19 June 1992 (MVG)
  • BG over the acquisition spare order for service-carrying out in the army, civil service and civil defense from 25 September 1952 (EOG)
• Protection of the family
  • BG over the family allowances in the agriculture from 20 June 1952 (FLG)
• Unemployment insurance
  • BG over the mandatory unemployment insurance and the insolvency remuneration from 25 June 1982 (AVIG)

See also: Social politics, health service Switzerland, health service, public health policy; Welfare state,

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