Bad view (ital.: malocchio) is the term for a damage charm. However by view contact with fellow men, who possess the bad view ("“jettatori"”), death or mischief (a curse, a wishing and/or Verhexung) released.

Culture phenomenon

The fear of the bad view is to be found world-wide common and in many cultures. Interesting with it the fact that this phenomenon in culture areas developed often similarly, is spatial in no connection. If one considers however that a view can quite have a psychological effect (a view can irritate and intimidate), understands one that the phenomenon is global.

In Europe the bad view in the Middle Ages was usually attributed women, who were exposed to pursuit and Ausgrenzung often by this bad Nachrede.

The bad eye played also within other ranges of the people faith a role. Thus humans were afraid already since the antiquity and to in early 20. Century inside the eyes freshly of the deceased. They had to be closed under all circumstances immediately, because one the conviction was that in the corpse still indefinable, but dangerous vitalities at the work were. These conceptions belonged into the periphery of the faith in "“living corpses"” and are related therefore also quite near to the Vampirglauben. It was generally feared that the dead one could umschauen itself by the open eye after a victim, whom it then in the grave "“pull"” became. Therefore this kind is called of damaging Untoten in the vernacular also Nachzehrer. In order to protect itself against the damage charm of the dead one and/or Untoten, that, which closed the corpse the eyes, had to avoid after possibility of looking it in the face. Often the eyes with coins or clay/tone pieces of broken glass, into which one had cut a crucifix, were locked. Volkskundler determined even still rabiatere methods, with which our ancestors wanted to keep and thus make the eyes of the deceased innocuous closed.

But faith

By the far spreading of this but faith methodology is various for the defense of the bad view. According to but faith the defense can take place:

• In Germany
  • by carrying figs;
  • at the most effective by avoidance of the contact with persons with the bad view.

• In Greece through carry from garlic.

• In Italy by a gesture, corna, one is to be able oneself to protect in such a way specified against the bad view.

• In Orient
  • by carrying Amuletten in the form of an eye, often from or blue glass. In the most different remarks and forms (as trailer, key trailer, bracelet, ring) are sold annually millionfold on the markets of the Orients. One calls it the "“eye of the Fatima"”, the daughter of the prophet Mohammed;
  • by "“Schutzsuren"” or "“protection verses"”. The "“four promises"” and another places of the Korans possess protective forces against the bad view;
  • by a noted prayer or a Koranauszug, which is fastened to the clothes. It can be inserted also into a piece leathers or put in a small box from gold or silver and carry then as trailers of a Halskette;
  • by expressing avoidance sayings at the right time;

See also

Witch, ages of the clearing-up, emancipation, women's movement, black magic, Mano cornuto, view duel

Related links

Theories and roots, the bad view in Iran, preventive measures

Literature

• Thomas's striking sign: The bad view. Idea-historical and socialpsychological investigations. (Berlin, humans and life) 1982.

• Gerda rough luck: "“The deceased as Nachzehrer"”, in M. ZENDER, (Hg.), Atlas of the German Volkskunde. Explanations N.F. 2. (Marburg 1966-82), P. 427-456.

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